Cover Image

Formatting
Font: Preferably, Times New Roman, 12-point font.
Spacing: Double-spaced.
Margins: 1-inch margins on all sides.
Page Numbers: Include page numbers in the footer.
Headings: Use a consistent style for headings and subheadings.
Language
Papers must be written in clear, grammatically correct English. Manuscripts that are difficult to understand will be rejected prior to peer review. If English is not the author’s first language, please seek assistance from a professional language editing service.
Article Structure
Manuscript should be well structured; they must comprise:
Title page
Title: Concise and descriptive.
Author(s): Full names, affiliations, and contact details.
Corresponding Author: Name, email, and postal address. Indicate with special character.
Keywords: 3-6 relevant keywords.
Abstract
150-250 words summarizing the research's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions.
Introduction
Background: Context and relevance of the study.
Objectives: Clearly state the research question or hypothesis.
Methods
Study Design: Detailed description of the methodology.
Participants: Inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Procedures: Step-by-step explanation of how the study was conducted.
Data Analysis: Statistical methods used.
Results and discussion
Findings: Present data clearly, using tables and figures as needed.
Statistical Analysis: Include results of statistical tests.
Interpretation: Explain the significance of the findings.
Comparison: Relate findings to existing research.
Limitations: Acknowledge any limitations of the study.
Conclusion
Summarize the main findings and implications.
Author Contributions
Please identify each author’s contribution(s) to the submission, using the guidelines of the Contributor Roles Taxonomy Project (CRediT), should be provided. Categories include Conceptualization; Methodology; Software; Validation; Formal analysis; Investigation; Resources; Data Curation; Writing - Original Draft; Writing - Review & Editing; Visualization; Supervision; Project administration; Funding acquisition; Other. See the CRediT website for more details.
The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that the descriptions are accurate and agreed by all authors.
Acknowledgments
Include individuals or companies that have assisted with your study, such as advisors, administrative support, and suppliers who may have donated or provided materials used in the study. If there are no acknowledgments, still include this section and insert: “The authors have no acknowledgments to report.”
Funding
Include all funding sources for the study. If there is no funding involved, still include this section and insert: “The authors have no funding to report.”
Conflict of Interest
All affiliations or financial involvement (e.g., employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants, patents received or pending, royalties) with any organization or entity with a financial interest in, or in financial competition with, the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript must be fully disclosed in the submitted manuscript.
All financial and material support for the research and work must be clearly identified in the manuscript, including support that might constitute or give the appearance of influencing the findings. Please report all support for the work reported in your manuscript without a time limit. For all other items, the time frame for disclosure is the past 36 months.
All authors are expected to provide disclosures to the corresponding author before submission for inclusion in the “Conflict of Interest” statement. Items included in the disclosure statement should cover: consulting fees or paid advisory boards (for the past three years or the known future), equity ownership/stock options (publicly or privately traded firms, excluding mutual funds), lecture fees when speaking at the invitation of a commercial sponsor (for the past three years or the known future), employment by the commercial entity that sponsored the study, grant support from industry, patents and/or royalties, expert witness activities, and other activities performed for a commercial sponsor.
Additionally, authors who are Editorial Board members of the journal must include this information in the Conflict of Interest section using the following format: “[AUTHOR] is an Editorial Board Member of this journal but was not involved in the peer-review process of this article nor had access to any information regarding its peer review."
If there is no conflict of interest to declare, include the statement "The authors have no conflict of interest to report."
Data availability statement
Authors must provide a data availability statement in their article detailing whether data are available and, if so, where they can be found.
Choose one of the following five options:
Supplementary Materials
Data
References
These should be to accessible sources. Please ensure that all work cited in the text is included in the reference list, and that the dates and authors given in the text match those in the reference list. References must always be given in sufficient detail for the reader to locate the work cited. Please note that your paper is at risk of rejection if a disproportionate share of the references cited are your own.
Citations in text
Reference Links
We use digital object identifiers (DOIs) to link references to the source material. This can only be done if the data provided in the references are correct. Please be very careful, especially when copying references, to ensure that surnames, journal/book titles, publication year and pagination are all correct. Please include DOIs where available.
List of References
References should be listed alphabetically at the end of the paper. Although "et al." is preferable in the text, in the list of references all authors should be given.
Reference styles
References in languages other than English
These should be accompanied by an English translation of the article title:
Artwork
Figures should appear in numerical order, be described in the body of the text and be positioned close to where they are first cited. Each figure should have a caption which describes the illustration, and that can be understood independently of the main text. The caption should be given in the text, and not on the figure itself.
Tables
Tables are placed within the text at the appropriate places, rather than at the end. Tables must be provided in an editable format e.g., Word, Excel. Tables provided as jpeg/tiff files will not be accepted.
Nomenclature and Units
All terminology and notation used should be widely understood. Abbreviations and acronyms should be spelled out in full at their first occurrence in the text.
SI units are strongly recommended. If non-SI units must be used, SI equivalents (or conversion factors) must also be provided. Please use the spellings "litre" and "metre" (a "meter" is a measuring instrument).
Identifying products
When mentioning a drug, product, hardware, or software program in a manuscript, it is important to provide detailed information about the product in parentheses. This should include the name of the product, the producer, and the city and country of the company. For example, if mentioning a Discovery ST PET/CT scanner produced by General Electric in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, the information should be presented as follows: "Discovery ST PET/CT scanner (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI, USA)." Providing this information ensures that the product is properly identified and credited.
Citing data
Any data assigned a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) by a data repository should be cited in the article’s reference list. Data citations should include the following minimum information: author(s), title, publisher (repository name), DOI.
Diversity & Inclusivity (use of inclusive language)
Incorporating inclusive language in manuscripts recognizes the array of differences among individuals, demonstrates respect for all, displays sensitivity to varying perspectives, and fosters equal opportunities.
Articles should avoid any insinuation of one person's superiority over another based on factors such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability, or health status. Consistently using inclusive language is of paramount importance. Authors must ensure their writing is free of partiality, clichés, slang, and allusions that assume a dominant culture or cultural presumptions.
To achieve gender neutrality, it is recommended that authors employ plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as the default whenever feasible, rather than using gender-specific pronouns ("he," "she," or "he/she"). Descriptors related to personal characteristics like age, gender, cultural background, culture, sexual orientation, disability, or health status should only be included if they are relevant and valid.